16. A. Holtzworth-Munroe & G. L. Stuart, ‘Typologies of male batterers: Three subtypes and the differences among them’, Psychological Bulletin, 1994, 116(3), pp. 476–97.

17. Data from the Gun Violence Archive cited in Sam Morris and Guardian US interactive team, ‘Mass shooting in the US’, The Guardian, 16 February 2018.

18. Rebecca Traister, ‘What mass killers really have in common’, New York Magazine, 15 July 2016.

19. Jane Wangmann, Different Types of Intimate Partner Violence – an exploration of the literature, Domestic Violence Clearinghouse, October 2011.

20. David Gadd & Mary-Louise Corr, ‘Beyond typologies: Foregrounding meaning and motive in domestic violence perpetration’, Deviant Behavior, 2017, 387, pp. 781–91.

21. Ibid.

22. Quoted in Allan J. Tobin & Jennie Dusheck, Asking about Life, Cengage Learning, 2005 p. 819.

23. Kirsten Tillisch et al., ‘Structure and response to emotional stimuli as related to gut microbial profiles in healthy women’, Psychosomatic Medicine, October 2017, 79(8), pp. 905–13.

24. Mark Patrick Taylor et al., ‘The relationship between atmospheric lead emissions and aggressive crime: An ecological study’, Environmental Health, February 2016, 15(23).

25. Corrine Barraclough, ‘Domestic violence: Where are the realists?’ The Spectator Australia, 12 April 2017.