^{312} Stephen A. Camarota, Immigrants in the United States—2002: A Snapshot of America’s Foreign-Born Population (Washington: Center for Immigration Studies, Backgrounder, November 2002), p. 1; Boston Globe, 10 March 2003, p. A3, citing William Frey’s analysis of Census Bureau figures.

^{313} Frederick Douglass, quoted in Judith N. Shklar, American Citizenship (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991), p. 48, 52.

^{314} Ronald Takaki, Double Victory: A Multicultural History of America (Boston: Little, Brown 2000), p. 82.

^{315} John Higham, Strangers in the Land (New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers University Press, 1988) p. 12ff; Kevin Phillips, The Cousins’ Wars (New York: Basic Books, 1999), p. 543 ff.

^{316} John A. Hawgood, The Tragedy of German-America (New York: G. p. Putnam’s Sons, 1940), p. 291–301; Ronald Fernandez, «Getting Germans to Fight Germans: The Americanizers of World War I», Journal of Ethnic Studies, 9 (1981), p. 64–664 Higham, Strangers in the Land, pp, 216 -17.

^{317} New York Times, 5 July 1918, p. 1, 6; John J. Miller, «Americanization Past and Future», Freedom Review, 28 (Fall 1997), p. 11.

^{318} Nathan Glazer and Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Beyond the Melting Pot (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1970), p. 20; Mary C. Waters, Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), p. 175.