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New York Times Economist

{491} Noel Ignatiev, How the Irish Became White (New York: Routledge, 1995); Karen Brodkin, How Jews Became White Folks and What That Says About Race in America (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1998); Matthew Frye Jacobson, Whiteness of a Different Color: European Immigrants and the Alchemy of Race (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998).

How the Irish Became White How Jews Became White Folks and What That Says About Race in America Whiteness of a Different Color: European Immigrants and the Alchemy of Race

{492} Reginald Byron, Irish America (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999), p. 273.

Irish America

{493} Will Herberg, Protestant, Catholic, Jew: An Essay in American Religious Sociology (Garden City: Doubleday, 1955), p. 43–44; Philip Gleason, Speaking of Diversity: Language and Ethnicity in Twentieth-Century America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), p. 175; Marcus Lee Hanson, The Problem of the Third Generation Immigrant (Rock Island, IL: Augustana Historical Society, 1938), p. 12; Nathan Glazer and Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Beyond the Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1963), p. 313–314; Herberg, Protestant, Catholic, Jew, p. 40, citing George Rippey Stewart, American Ways of Life (Garden City: Doubleday, 1954).

Protestant, Catholic, Jew: An Essay in American Religious Sociology Speaking of Diversity: Language and Ethnicity in Twentieth-Century America The Problem of the Third Generation Immigrant Beyond the Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City Protestant, Catholic, Jew American Ways of Life

{494} Matthijs Kalmijn, «Shifting Boundaries: Trends in Religious and Educational Homogamy», American Sociological Review, 56 (December 1991), p. 786–800; Stephen Steinberg, The Ethnic Myth (New York: Atheneum, 1981), p. 70–71; Robert Christopher, Crashing the Gates: the De-WASPing of America’s Power Elite (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989), p. 52–54.

American Sociological Review The Ethnic Myth Crashing the Gates: the De-WASPing of America’s Power Elite

{495} Arthur Mann, The One and the Many: Reflections on the American Identity (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979), p. 121; Alan M. Dershowitz, The Vanishing American Jew: In Search of Jewish Identity for the Next Century (Boston: Little, Brown, 1997), p. 16; Richard D. Alba, «Assimilation’s Quiet Tide», Public Interest, 119 (Spring 1995), p. 15; Ari Shavit, «Vanishing», New York Times Magazine, 8 June 1997, p. 52; Gustav Niebuhr, «For Jews, a Little Push for Converts, and a Lot of Angst», New York Times, 13 June 1999, p. WE3.