8. Wynne Perry, “Battling the Boys: Educators Grapple with Violent Play,” Live Science, last modified August 29, 2010, www.livescience.com/8514-battling-boys-educators-grapple-violent-play.html.

9. Eron, Gentry, and Schlegel, Reason to Hope, 30.

10. Там же, 35–36.

11. “Children’s Exposure to Violence: Indicators of Child and Youth Well-being” (Bethesda, MD: ChildTrends Databank online, May 2016), www.childtrends.org/indicators/childrens-exposure-to-violence.

12. Gavin Aronson, Mark Follman, and Deanna Pan, “A Guide to Mass Shootings in America,” Mother Jones online, last modified June 5, 2017, www.motherjones.com/politics/2012/07/mass-shootings-map; James Garbarino, Lost Boys: Why Our Sons Turn Violent and How We Can Save Them (New York: Free Press, 1999), ix.

13. James Gilligan, “Shame, Guilt, and Violence,” Social Research 70, no. 4 (Winter 2003): 1154.

14. Elijah Anderson, Code of the Street: Decency, Violence and the Moral Life of the Inner City (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000), 75.

15. Kindlon and Thompson, Raising Cain.

16. Gilligan, “Shame, Guilt, and Violence,” 1163.

17. Anderson, Code of the Street, 32.

18. Ann Arnett Ferguson, Bad Boys: Public School in the Making of Black Masculinity (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001), 193.

19. Michael Cunningham and L. K. Meunier, “The Influence of Peer Experiences on Bravado Attitudes Among African American Males,” in Adolescent Boys, eds. Way and Chu (New York: New York University Press, 2004), 221.

20. Howard C. Stevenson, “Boys in Men’s Clothing,” in Adolescent Boys, eds. Way and Chu (New York: New York University Press, 2004), 60.

21. “Bullying,” ChildTrends Databank online, May 2016, www. childtrends.org/indicators/bullying.

22. “Unsafe at School,” ChildTrends Databank online, December 2015, www.childtrends.org/indicators/unsafe-at-school.

23. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention online, “Understanding School Violence: Fact Sheet 2016,” accessed September 2, 2017, www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/school_violence_fact_sheet-a.pdf.

24. Jonathan Salisbury and David Jackson, Challenging Macho Values: Practical Ways of Working with Adolescent Boys (London: Falmer Press, 1996), 104., 129.

25. Brett G. Stoudt, “‘You’re Either In or You’re Out’: School Violence, Peer Discipline, and the (Re)Production of Hegemonic Masculinity,” Men and Masculinities 8, no. 3 (January 1, 2006): 274.

26. Heilman with Barker, Masculine Norms and Violence.

27. ChildTrends Databank online, “Physical Fighting by Youth.”