^{60} Reginald Horsman, Race and Manifest Destiny: The Origins of American Racial Anglo-Saxonism (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981), p. 134.

^{61} Lind, Next American Nation, p. 43, 68; Smith, «‘The American Creed’ and American Identity», p. 233, 235; Horsman, Race and Manifest Destiny; Hazel M. McFerson, The Racial Dimension of American Overseas Colonial Policy (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1997).

^{62} David Heer, Immigration in America’s Future: Social Science Findings and the Policy Debate (Boulder: Westview Press, 1996), p. 37.

^{63} Justice Stephen J. Field, Chae Chang Ping v United States, 130 U. S. 581 (1889); Smith, «’American Creed’ and American Identity», p. 244.

^{64} Philip Gleason, «American Identity and Americanization», in Stephan Thernstrom, ed., Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1981), p. 46.

^{65} Immigration Restriction League, quoted in Madlwyn Allen Jones, American Immigration (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2nd ed., 1992), p. 222.

^{66} William S. Bernard, «Immigration: History of U. S. Policy», in Thernstrom, ed., Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups, p. 493.

^{67} Gleason, «American Identity and Americanization», p. 47.

^{68} Alden T. Vaughan, «Seventeenth Century Origins of American Culture», in Stanley Coben and Lorman Ratner, eds., The Development of an American Culture (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2nd ed., 1983), p. 30–2; Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Disuniting of America (New York: Norton, rev. ed., 1998), p. 34.