^{93} Roger M. Smith, «The ‘American Creed’ and American Identity: The Limits of Liberal Citizenship in the United States», Western Political Quarterly, 41 (June 1988), p. 239, citing Eric Foner, Free soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1970); Cawelti, Apostles of the Self-Made Man, esp. p. 39ff.

^{94} Cindy S. Aron, Working at Play: A History of Vacations in the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 236; International Labor Organization Study September 1999, cited in The Daily Yomiuri, 7 September 1999, p. 12; Prospect, No. 49 (February 2000), p. 7, citing Boston Review, December 1999–January 2000.

^{95} Daniel Yankelovich, «What’s Wrong — And What’s Right — With U. S. Workforce Performance», The Public Perspective, 3 (May/June 1992), p. 12–14; «American Enterprise Public Opinion and Demographic Report»; Jack Citrin, et al, «Is American Nationalism Changing? Implications for Foreign Policy», International Studies Quarterly, 38 (March 1994), p. 13.

^{96} New York Times, 9 May 1999, p. WK5; Shklar, American Citizenship, p. 98.

^{97} Schaff, America: A Sketch of Its Political, Social, and Religious Character, p. 29; Hochschild, Facing Up to the American Dreampp. 228–29; New York Times, 11 February 1999, p. A1.

^{98} Bellah, Broken Covenant, p. 179; Wills, Under God, p. 25.