^{135} John Ireland, The Church and Modern Society: Lectures and Addresses (St. Paul: Pioneer Press, 1905), p. 58, quoted in Dohen, Nationalism and American Catholicism, p. 109 and 165.

^{136} Kwam Anthony Appiah, «The Multiculturist Misunderstanding», New York Review of Books, 9 October 1997, p. 31.

^{137} Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 1, p. 314–15; Bryce, The American Commonwealth, vol. 2, p. 576–77.

^{138} The People v. Ruggles, 8 Johns. 295 (1811); Wills, Under God, p. 424; David J. Brewer, The United States: A Christian Nation (Philadelphia: John C. Winston, 1905); Justice Sutherland, U. S. v. Macintosh, 283 U. S. 605 (1931), 633–34; Justice David J. Brewer, Church of the Holy Trinity v. U. S., 143 US 457 (1892), 465, 471; Justice William O. Douglas, Zorach v. Clauson, 343 U. S. 306 (1952), 312; Foster, «A Christian Nation: Signs of a Covenant», p. 122, 134–135; Thomas C. Reeves, «The Collapse of the Mainline Churches», in Robert Royal ed., Reinventing the American People: Unity and Diversity Today (Washington, D. C.: Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1995), p. 204–205.

^{139} Quoted in Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, p. 12.

^{140} Russell Shorto, «Belief by the Numbers», New York Time Magazine, 7 December 1997, p. 60; Barna Research Group results in The American Enterprise, 6 (November/December 1995), p. 12, 19; CUNY survey, New York Times, 10 April 1991, p. A1; National Election Studies.