^{162} Albert Harkness, Jr., «Americanism and Jenkins’ Ear», Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 37, (June 1950), p. 88; E. McClung Fleming, «Symbols of the United States: From Indian Queen to Uncle Sam», in Ray B. Browne, Richard H. Crowder, Virgil L. Lokke, and William T. Stafford, eds., Frontiers of American Culture (Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Studies, 1968), p. 4.

^{163} Merritt, Symbols of American Community p. 56, 125, 144, Table 8–2.

^{164} Fisher Ames quoted in Daniel J. Boorstin, The Americans: The National Experience (New York: Random House, 1966), p. 403, 416; Elbridge Gerry quoted in Max Farrand, ed., The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787: Proceedings, vol. 1 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966), p. 552; Anders Stephanson, Manifest Destiny: American Expansion and the Empire of Right (New York: Hill & Wang, 1995), p. 30; Henry Steele Commager, Jefferson, Nationalism, and the Enlightenment (New York: George Braziller, 1975), p. 162; John Marshall quoted in Paul Johnson, A History of the American People (New York: HarperCollins, 1997), p. 423; John Calhoun, Letter to Oliver Dyer, 1 January 1849; John Bodnar, Remaking America: Public Memory, Commemoration, and Patriotism in the Twentieth Century (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992), p. 21ff; Zelinsky, Nation into State, p. 218.

^{165} Commager, Jefferson, Nationalism, and the Enlightenment, p. 159.

^{166} Seymour Martin Lipset, The First New Nation: The United States in Historical and Comparative Perspective (New York: Norton, 1979), p. 18ff.

^{167} Zelinsky, Nation into State, p. 218.

^{168} Boorstin, The Americans, p. 362–65.