^{169} Ibid., p. 370, 373, 367.

^{170} Bodnar, Remaking America, p. 21, 26; Stuart McConnell, «Reading the Flag: A Reconsideration of the Patriotic Cults of the 1890’s», in John Bodnar, ed., Bonds of Affection: Americans Define Their Patriotism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996), p. 107; Lyn Spillman, Nation and Commemoration: Creating National Identities in the United States and Australia (New York: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1997), p. 24; Zelinsky, Nation into State, p. 218–19.

^{171} Abraham Lincoln, «The Perpetuation of our Political Institutions», speech, 27 January 1837, Springfield, IL, in The Speeches of Abraham Lincoln (New York: Chesterfield Society, 1908), p. 9–10.

^{172} Merle Curti, The Roots of American Loyalty (New York: Columbia University Press, 1946), p. 169–170.

^{173} Boorstin, The Americans p. 402; Gaines M. Foster, «A Christian Nation: Signs of a Covenant», in Bodnar, ed., Bonds of Affection, p. 123; Spillman, Nation and Commemoration, p. 24–25.

^{174} Morton Keller, Affairs of State: Public Life in Late Nineteenth Century America (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1977), p. 39; Willard Saulsbury quoted in Keller, Affairs of State, p. 69.

^{175} John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860–1925 (New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers University Press, 1988), p. 344.