Kaddish
{17} Ronald L. Jepperson, Alexander Wendt, and Peter J. Katzenstein, «Norms, Identity, and Culture in National Security», in Peter J. Katzenstein, ed., The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996), p. 59.
The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics
{18} K. Liebkind, Minority Identity and Identification Processes, p. 51, citing Henri Tajfel, «Interindividual behaviour and intergroup behaviour» in Tajfel, H., ed., «Differentiation Between Social Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations», European Monographs in Social Psychology, no. 14, (London: Academic Press, 1978), p. 27–60.
Minority Identity and Identification Processes
European Monographs in Social Psychology,
{19} Committee on International Relations, Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry, Us and Them: The Psychology of Ethnonationalism (New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1987), p. 115.
Us and Them: The Psychology of Ethnonationalism
{20} Ibid; Jonathan Mercer, «Anarchy and Identity», International Organization, 49 (Spring 1995), p. 250.
International Organization
{21} Josef Goebbels, quoted in Jonathan Mercer, «Approaching Hate: The Cognitive Foundations of Discrimination», CISAC (Stanford University, January 1994), p. 1; Andrе Malraux, Man’s Fate (New York: Random House, 1969), p. 3 cited by Robert D. Kaplan, «The Coming Anarchy», Atlantic Monthly, 273 (February 1994), p. 72; Albert Einstein and Sigmund Freud, «Why War?», in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (London: Hogarth Press, 1964), p. 199–215.
Man’s Fate
Atlantic Monthly
The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud
{22} Vamik D. Volkan, «The Need to Have Enemies and Allies: A Developmental Approach», Political Psychology, 6 (June 1985) p. 219, 243, 247; Volkan, The Need to Have Enemies and Allies: From Clinical Practice to International Relationships (Northvale, N. J.: J. Aronson, 1994), p. 35; Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (New York: Free Press, 1992), p. 162–177.
Political Psychology
The Need to Have Enemies and Allies: From Clinical Practice to International Relationships
The End of History and the Last Man
{23} Mercer, «Anarchy and Identity», p. 242; Volkan, «The Need to Have Enemies and Allies» p. 231; Dennis Wrong, The Problem of Order: What Unites and Divides Society (New York: Free Press, 1994), p. 203–4; Economist, 7 July 1990, p. 29. The form this discrimination takes may, however, be shaped by culture. Mercer, «Approaching Hate», p. 4–6, 8,11 citing Margaret Wetherell, «Cross-Cultural Studies of Minimal Groups: Implications for the Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Relations», in Henri Tajfel, ed., Social Identity and Intergroup Relations, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982), p. 220–21; Robert Axelrod, The Evolution of Cooperation, (New York: Basic Books, 1984), p. 110–12, and Michael A. Hogg and Dominic Abrams, Social Identifications: A Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations and Group Processes (New York: Routledge, 1988, p. 49.