24. Lauren Berlant, The Queen of America Goes to Washington City: Essays on Sex and Citizenship (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1997).

25. Еще одну тематическую дискуссию о гражданстве и потреблении, см. в книге Sarah Banet-Weiser, «'We Pledge Allegiance to Kids': Nickelodeon and Citizenship,» в ред. Heather Hendershot, Nickelodeon Nation: The History, Politics, and Economics of America's Only TV Channel for Kids (New York: NewYork University Press, 2004).

26. http://www.ew.eom/ew/report/0.6115.446852_4_0_.00.html.

27. The Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement, “Turnout of Under-25 Voters Up Sharply,“ November 9, 2004, http://www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/Release_1824final.pdf.

28. Walter Benjamin, “The Work of Artin an Age of Mechanical Reproduction,“ доступно по ссылке: http://bid.berkeley.edu/bidclass/readings/benja-min.html.

29. Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, “Cable and Internet Loom Large in Fragmented Political News Universe,“January 11,2004, http:// peoplepress.org/reports/display.php37Reportl D=200.

30. Jon Katz, “The Media's War on Kids: From the Beatles to Beavis and Butthead,“ Rolling Stone, February 1994, pp. 31–33, 97.

31. Dannagal Goldthwaite Young, “Daily Show Viewers Knowledgeable about Presidential Campaign, National Annenberg Election Survey Shows,“September 21, 2004, http://www.annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org/ naes/2004_03_late-night-knowledge-2_9-21 _pr.pdf. См. также Bryan Long,«'Daily Show' Viewers Ace Political Quiz,» CNN, September 29, 2004, http:// www.cnn.com/2004/SHOWBIZ/TV/09/28/comedy.politics/.

32. Цитаты взяты из официальной текстовой версии выпуска, доступной по ссылке: http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0410/15/ cf.01.html.

33. Michael Schudson, “Click Here for Democracy: A History and Critique of an Information-Based Model of Citizenship,“ в ред. Henryjenkins and David Thorburn, Democracy and New Media (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003), p. 55.

34. Michael Schudson, «Changing Concepts of Democracy,» MIT Communications Forum, http://web.mit.edu/comm-forum/papers/schudson.html.

35. Ibid.

36. Ibid.

37. В качестве примера см., R.J. Bain, «Rethinking the Informed Citizen in an A g e of Hybrid Media Genres: Tanner '88, К-Street, and the Fictionalization of the News, «Master's thesis, Comparative Media Studies Program, MIT, 2004, and Cristobal Garcia, «А Framework for Political Entertainment,» paper presented at Mediain Transition 3 Conference, MIT, Cambridge, Mass., May 2003.

38. John Hartley, «Regimes of Truth and the Politics of Reading: A Blivit,» in Tele-Ology: Studies in Television (New York: Routledge, 1992), pp. 45–63.