Светлый фон

Cameron, D., and Jones, I. (1983). John Snow, the Broad Street pump, and modern epidemiology. International Journal of Epidemiology 12: 393–396.

Cox, D., and Wermuth, N. (2015). Design and interpretation of studies: Relevant concepts from the past and some extensions. Observational Studies 1. Available at: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1505.02452.pdf.

Freedman, D. (2010). Statistical Models and Causal Inference: A Dialogue with the Social Sciences. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.

Glynn, A., and Kashin, K. (2018). Front-door versus back-door adjustment with unmeasured confounding: Bias formulas for front-door and hybrid adjustments. Journal of the American Statistical Association. To appear.

Greenland, S. (2000). An introduction to instrumental variables for epidemiologists. International Journal of Epidemiology 29: 722–729. Heckman, J. J., and Pinto, R. (2015). Causal analysis after Haavelmo. Econometric Theory 31: 115–151.

Hempel, S. (2013). Obituary: John Snow. Lancet 381: 1269–1270.

Hill, A. B. (1955). Snow — An appreciation. Journal of Economic Perspectives 48: 1008–1012.

Huang, Y., and Valtorta, M. (2006). Pearl’s calculus of intervention is complete. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (R. Dechter and T. Richardson, eds.). AUAI Press, Corvallis, OR, 217–224.

Imbens, G. W. (2010). Better LATE than nothing: Some comments on Deaton (2009) and Heckman and Urzua (2009). Journal of Economic Literature 48: 399–423.

Imbens, G. W., and Rubin, D. B. (2015). Causal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. 3rd ed. Guilford, New York, NY.

Morgan, S., and Winship, C. (2007). Counterfactuals and Causal Inference: Methods and Principles for Social Research (Analytical Methods for Social Research). Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.

Pearl, J. (2009). Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.

Pearl, J. (2013). Reflections on Heckman and Pinto’s “Causal analysis after Haavelmo.” Tech. Rep. R-420. Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA. Working paper.

Pearl, J. (2015). Indirect confounding and causal calculus (on three papers by Cox and Wermuth). Tech. Rep. R-457. Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.

Shpitser, I., and Pearl, J. (2006a). Identification of conditional interventional distributions. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (R. Dechter and T. Richardson, eds.). AUAI Press, Corvallis, OR, 437–444.