^{176} Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), p. 384ff, citing Theda Skocpol, «How Americans Became Civic», in Theda Skocpol and Morris p. Fiorina, eds., Civic Engagement in American Democracy (Washington, D. C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1999).

^{177} Cecilia Elizabeth O’Leary, To Die For: The Paradox of American Patriotism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999), p. 49.

^{178} Zelinsky, Nation into State, p. 105–106, 106; McConnell, «Reading the Flag», p. 113.

^{179} Higham, Strangers in the Land, p. 75–76.

^{180} Cecilia Elizabeth O’Leary, «‘Blood Brotherhood: ’ The Racialization of Patriotism, 1865–1918», in Bodnar, ed., Bonds of Affection, p. 54, 73, 75–76; Curti, The Roots of American Loyalty, p. 192.

^{181} O’Leary, «‘Blood Brotherhood,’» in Bodnar, ed., Bonds of Affection, p. 57–58, 64; Higham, Strangers in the Land, p. 170–71.

^{182} Zelinsky, Nation into State, p. 144, citing Boyd C. Shafer, Faces of Nationalism: New Realities and Old Myths (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1972), p. 203; O’Leary, «‘Blood Brotherhood,’» p. 65, citing Bessie Louise Pierce, Public Opinion and the Teaching of History in the United State (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1926), p. 13–16.

^{183} Curti, Roots of American Loyalty, p. 190.