^{230} Lipset, «Affirmative Action and the American Creed», p. 58; Washington Post, 11 October 1995, p. A11; Citrin, «Affirmative Action in the People’s Court», p. 43; William Raspberry, «What Actions are Affirmative?» Washington Post National Weekly Edition, 28 August-3 September, 1995, p. 28; Citrin, «Affirmative Action in the People’s Court», p. 41.

^{231} Citrin, «Affirmative Action in the People’s Court», p. 43.

^{232} Ibid.; Boston Globe, 30 April 1997, p. A19.

^{233} Thernstrom and Thernstrom, America in Black and White, p. 437; City of Richmond v. J. A. Croson Company, 488 U. S. 469 (1989).

^{234} Thernstrom and Thernstrom, America in Black and White, p. 456–459.

^{235} Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard University, «Race and Ethnicity in 2001: Attitudes, Perceptions, and Experiences», (August 2001); Princeton Survey Research Associates poll, January 2003; Jennifer Barrett, «Newsweek Poll: Bush Loses Ground», Newsweek, 14 February 2003, online; Jonathan Chait, «Pol Tested», New Republic, 3 February 2003, p. 14.

^{236} Belz, Equality Transformed, p. 66–67; Daniel Bell, The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting (New York: Basic Books, 1973), p. 417; Thernstrom and Thernstrom, America in Black and White, p. 492.